Stable Artificial Autopolyploids of the Zn/Cd Accumulator Arabidopsis arenosa—A Promising Genetic Resource for Phytoremediation

Arabidopsis arenosa is a good candidate for phytoremediation due to its high tolerance Zn and Cd as well accumulation ability. However, small size low biomass are the largest obstacles applying it on broad scale. The aim was obtain polyploid specimens, which tend have higher increase translocation capacity of heavy metals in this metal-tolerant plant. Doubled polyploids (octaploids) were obtained via indirect organogenesis ½ MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 TDZ, followed by rooting same without growth regulators. Callus tissue endopolyploidy level (the (Ʃ>2C)/2C ratio over 2.5) seedling fragments 2 2,4-D + BAP served source material. Among regenerants successfully (without using antimitotic agents), half, regardless stage regenerant development, octaploid (54–78%; 2C DNA = 1.642 pg). Octaploids not affected ploidy or vitro culture conditions; they fully fertile, produced normal pollen (~97% viability), set seeds capable germinating (78%). Their cell organ genome doubling resulting longer stomata, bigger grains, flowers larger area width comparison tetraploid initial plants. promising results measurements morpho-anatomical, physiological, reproductive parameters indicate that, future, after passing tests, could be used metal-contaminated areas.